The Art of Poetic Closure: A Study of How Poems End

Poetry is a diverse and complex art form that allows for endless possibilities in expression and interpretation. One crucial element of a poem is how it ends, also known as poetic closure. Poetic closure refers to the way a poem concludes, bringing a sense of finality, resolution, or a lingering sense of openness.

Types of Poetic Closure

There are various ways in which a poem can achieve closure:

1. Circular Closure

This type of closure brings the poem back to its beginning, creating a sense of completeness and unity. The last lines of the poem mirror or recall the opening lines, creating a circular structure that ties the poem together. This type of closure can give the reader a sense of resolution and closure.

2. Ambiguous Closure

Ambiguous closure leaves the reader with questions or uncertainty, allowing for multiple interpretations of the poem's ending. This type of closure can be thought-provoking and open-ended, leaving the reader to ponder the meaning of the poem long after it has been read.

3. Closed Closure

Closed closure provides a clear and definitive ending to the poem, leaving no room for doubt or interpretation. The poem's conclusion ties up any loose ends and provides a sense of closure and finality. This type of closure can give the reader a feeling of satisfaction or resolution.

Poems on Poetic Closure

Here are a few examples of poems that demonstrate different types of poetic closure:

"The Road Not Taken" by Robert Frost

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

In this famous poem by Robert Frost, the speaker reflects on a decision he made to take the road less traveled. The final lines bring a sense of closure as the speaker reflects on the impact of his choice, leaving the reader pondering the consequences of their own decisions.

"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night" by Dylan Thomas

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

This powerful villanelle by Dylan Thomas addresses the theme of death and the importance of fighting against it. The repetition of the closing lines emphasizes the urgency and intensity of the poem's message, leaving a lasting impact on the reader.

"Fog" by Carl Sandburg

The fog comes
on little cat feet.
It sits looking
over harbor and city
on silent haunches
and then moves on.

In this short and succinct poem by Carl Sandburg, the fog is portrayed as a mysterious and fleeting presence. The poem's ending serves as a gentle and understated closure, mirroring the quiet and unassuming nature of the fog itself.

Overall, poetic closure plays a vital role in shaping the impact and meaning of a poem. Whether it provides resolution, ambiguity, or finality, the ending of a poem can leave a lasting impression on the reader, inviting them to reflect on the poem's themes and messages long after they have finished reading.